Mit Intermodulation (IM) wird die Summen- und Differenzbildung zweier (oder mehrerer) Frequenzen f bezeichnet, die an nichtlinearen Bauteilen der Senderausgangsstufen entstehen, wenn die einfallende Leistung P zu groß wird.
Intermodulation (IM):
fIM = Intermodulationsfrequenz [Hz]
n = Natürliche Zahl (ganzzahlige Faktoren) [1]
f = Frequenz (Frequenzen der Nutzsignale) [Hz]
Mit sind genau genommen bzw. gemeint, die in HF-Verstärkern durch hohe Leistungen P entstehen können und dann wiederum als abgestrahlt werden.
Durch hohe Leistungen P können in Verstärker- und Empfängerschaltungen Verzerrungsprodukte (Intermodulationsverzerrungsprodukte) unterschiedlicher Ordnung entstehen.
Dabei kann zwischen harmonischen Intermodulationsprodukten gerader und ungerader Ordnung unterschieden werden.
| Ordnung | fIM (f1, f2) | f1 = 585 MHz, f2 = 586 MHz |
|---|---|---|
| 2. |
0·f1 ± 2·f2 1·f1 ± 1·f2 2·f1 ± 0·f2 |
1172 MHz ( +/- ) 1172 MHz 1171 MHz ( +/- ) 1 MHz 1170 MHz ( +/- ) 1170 MHz |
| 3. |
0·f1 ± 3·f2 1·f1 ± 2·f2 2·f1 ± 1·f2 3·f1 ± 0·f2 |
1758 MHz ( +/- ) 1758 MHz 1757 MHz ( +/- ) 587 MHz 1756 MHz ( +/- ) 584 MHz 1755 MHz ( +/- ) 1755 MHz |
| 4. |
0·f1 ± 4·f2 1·f1 ± 3·f2 2·f1 ± 2·f2 3·f1 ± 1·f2 4·f1 ± 0·f2 |
2344 MHz ( +/- ) 2344 MHz 2343 MHz ( +/- ) 1173 MHz 2342 MHz ( +/- ) 2 MHz 2341 MHz ( +/- ) 1169 MHz 2340 MHz ( +/- ) 2340 MHz |
| 5. |
0·f1 ± 5·f2 1·f1 ± 4·f2 2·f1 ± 3·f2 3·f1 ± 2·f2 4·f1 ± 1·f2 5·f1 ± 0·f2 |
2930 MHz ( +/- ) 2930 MHz 2929 MHz ( +/- ) 1759 MHz 2928 MHz ( +/- ) 588 MHz 2927 MHz ( +/- ) 583 MHz 2926 MHz ( +/- ) 1754 MHz 2925 MHz ( +/- ) 2925 MHz |
| 6. | ... | ... |
Ordnung:
Der Begriff Ordnung einer Intermodulation ist definiert als der Betrag der Summe aller Koeffizienten eines Intermodulationsprodukts.
In der Funktechnik kann zwischen Intermodulationsprodukten gerader und ungerader Ordnung unterschieden werden.
Im Gegensatz zu Intermodulationsprodukten gerader Ordnung, die sich i.d.R. außerhalb des Frequenzbands befinden, können die IM-Produkte ungerader Ordnung innerhalb des empfangbaren Bandes liegen und nicht einfach gefiltert werden.
| Sender3.Ord. | fIM (f1, f2, ..., fn) |
|---|---|
| 2T3O |
0·f1 ± 2·f2 1·f1 ± 1·f2 2·f1 ± 0·f2 |
| 3T3O |
0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 3·f3 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 2·f3 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 1·f3 0·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 0·f3 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 1·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 2·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 3·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 |
| 5T3O |
0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 5·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 4·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 3·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 4·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 5·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 4·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 3·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 4·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 3·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 4·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 4·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 5·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 4·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 3·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 4·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 3·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 4·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 3·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 0·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 4·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 0·f1 ± 4·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 4·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 0·f1 ± 5·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 4·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 3·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 2·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 4·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 3·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 2·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 4·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 3·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 2·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 1·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 1·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 1·f1 ± 4·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 3·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 2·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 1·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 3·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 3·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 2·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 2·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 2·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 2·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 2·f1 ± 3·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 3·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 2·f5 3·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 1·f5 3·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 2·f4 ± 0·f5 3·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 3·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 3·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 2·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 3·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 3·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 3·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 3·f1 ± 2·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 4·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 1·f5 4·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 1·f4 ± 0·f5 4·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 1·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 4·f1 ± 1·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 5·f1 ± 0·f2 ± 0·f3 ± 0·f4 ± 0·f5 |
| 7T3O | ... |
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